haulrecordFMCSA data

Violation codes

49 CFR

FMCSA violation codes

What each code on a roadside inspection report means, and how often it gets cited. The 200 most common, grouped by the part of the federal regulations they fall under.

Part 393: Parts and accessories

CodeViolationTimes recorded
393.9Inoperable Required Lamp464,567
393.47EBrake Out of Adjustment - Roto, Clamp (Short & Long), DD-3, or Bolt348,988
393.75A3-TAOLTires - All others, leaking or inflation less than 50% of the maximum inflation pressure on tire not equipped with ATIS216,239
393.78Wipers - Inoperative / missing / damaged wipers152,315
393.9TSInoperative turn signal138,399
393.9A-LILLighting - Identification lamp(s) inoperative131,171
393.75A3Tire-flat and/or audible air leak130,346
393.95ANo/discharged/unsecured fire extinguisher129,856
393.95FEmergency Equipment - Stopped vehicle warning devices missing or improper126,825
393.60CWindshield - Damaged or Discolored124,647
393.55E-BAir Brake - ABS malfunction lamp defective on trailers manufactured on or after March 1, 1998119,949
393.45B2UVBrake Hose or Tubing Chafing and/or Kinking Under Vehicle118,344
393.45D-BAir Brake - Audible air leak at a proper connection110,535
393.53BCMV manufactured after 10/19/94 has an automatic airbrake adjustment system that fails to compensate for wear105,662
393.53B-BAir Brake - CMV manufactured on or after 10/20/1994 has an automatic airbrake adjustment system that fails to compensate for wear104,006
393.11No or defective lighting devices or reflective material as required103,090
393.45B2-B-AIRAir Brake - Hose/tubing damaged or not secured99,861
393.78A-WSWashers - Inoperative washing system.99,085
393.75CTire-other tread depth less than 2/32 of inch measured in a major tread groove94,983
393.75C-TAOTD-LT2/32Tires - Less than 2/32 inch tread depth93,586
393.55ENo or Defective ABS Malfunction Indicator Lamp for trailer manufactured after 03/01/199885,197
393.9A-LCLLighting - Clearance lamp(s) inoperative84,372
393.95A1Emergency Equipment - Fire Extinguishers - no fire extinguisher present or not properly rated.80,554
393.95A4-EEUSEmergency Equipment - Fire Extinguishers - unsecured78,854
393.60DWindshield / Windows - Tinting permits less than 70% of light transmittance77,926
393.9A-LFTSILighting - Front - Turn signal - inoperative75,211
393.9HInoperable head lamps72,393
393.9A-LLPLLighting - License plate lamp inoperative71,937
393.9A-LTSILighting - Turn signal - Any inoperative on the rearmost vehicle.70,394
393.48AInoperative/defective brakes66,945
393.9A-LSMLLighting - Side marker lamp(s) inoperative66,830
393.9A-LHLILighting - Headlamp(s) - Any inoperative62,413
393.9A-LSLILighting - Stop lamps - Any inoperative.61,507
393.9A-LSLIWRLighting - Stop lamps - Both inoperative when required to be on51,758
393.83GExhaust - Discharging at a point forward or directly below the driver or sleeper compartment50,796
393.9A-LRLILighting - Tail lamp - Any inoperative48,781
393.11TLTruck-Tractor lower rear mud flaps retroreflective sheeting / reflex reflective material requirements for vehicles manufactured after July 199748,567
393.45B2-BHTDAir Brake - Hose/tubing damage into the outer reinforcement ply.45,352
393.9TInoperable tail lamp41,193
393.9A-LBLLighting - Backup lamp inoperative40,722
393.9BRKLAMPInoperative Brake Lamps36,944
393.9A-HLLHLighting - Headlamp(s) fail to operate on low and high beam36,517
393.75AFlat tire or fabric exposed35,762
393.11A1-CSLRRConspicuity Systems - Truck tractor, lower rear retro reflective sheeting missing on vehicle manufactured on or after July 1, 199734,629
393.100B-CCargo - Cargo not secured to prevent leaking/spilling/blowing/falling from CMV33,600
393.11TUTruck-Tractor upper body corner requirements for retroreflective sheeting or reflex reflective material for vehicles manufactured after July 199732,409
393.45DLUVBrake Connections with Leaks Under Vehicle30,948
393.55D1-BAir Brake - ABS malfunction lamp defective on truck-tractor manufactured on or after March 1, 1997 and each single unit CMV on or after 1998.30,784
393.45B2Brake hose or tubing chafing and/or kinking30,765
393.19Inoperative/Defective Hazard Warning Lamp30,646
393.207AAxle positioning parts defective/missing30,643
393.9A-LTSIRLighting - Turn signal -Any inoperative on a unit that is not the rearmost unit30,109
393.9A-LHWSLighting - Hazard warning signal(s) inoperative29,665
393.45Brake tubing and hose adequacy29,389
393.48A-BIBDDrum Brake - Inoperative other than a steering axle28,099
393.75A1Tire-ply or belt material exposed27,679
393.55C1Truck Tractor manufactured on or after March 1, 1997 not equipped with an antilock brake system27,656
393.43DBMABrake - Breakaway not attached to the towing vehicle27,643
393.11A1-LLPLLighting - License plate lamp missing27,407
393.45B2PCBrake Hose or Tubing Chafing and/or Kinking - Connection to Power Unit27,260
393.48A-BIHEHydraulic/Electric Brake - Inoperative other than a steering axle.27,078
393.47AInadequate brakes for safe stopping - Brake Lining condition26,961
393.45B2-BAir Brake - Hose/tubing damaged or not secured26,176
393.11A1-CSURRConspicuity Systems - Truck tractor, upper rear retro reflective sheeting missing on vehicle manufactured on or after July 1, 199725,499
393.75A2Tire-tread and/or sidewall separation24,136
393.45DLPCBrake Connections with Leaks - Connection to Power Unit23,703
393.205C-WRAWFLMIBWheel/Rim - Any wheel fasteners loose/missing/ineffective/broken.23,350
393.205CWheel fasteners loose and/or missing23,271
393.75A1-TEPBMTires - All others - Exposed ply or belt material in tread or sidewall area23,192
393.209E-SPSLASteering - Power steering leaking anywhere.22,535
393.45D-BAALAir Brake - Audible air leak at other than a proper connection22,061
393.75A3-TAOLTISTires - All others, leaking in tread area and inflation less than 50% of the maximum inflation pressure on tire equipped with ATIS21,736
393.43D-BBrake - Missing or inoperable breakaway braking system on a trailer(s) or converter dolly21,330
393.45DBrake connections with leaks or constrictions21,188
393.75C-TAOTD-LT1/32Tires - Less than 1/32 inch tread depth at 3 locations/2 adjacent tread grooves21,165
393.55D2-BAir Brake - ABS malfunction lamp defective on truck-tractor manufactured on or after March 1, 2001 for towed vehicle.20,662
393.95BEmergency Equipment - A power unit requiring fuses - missing a spare fuse for a required part or accessory (e.g., lamps required by 393.11, ABS lights or low air20,660
393.55D3No or Defective ABS Malfunction Indicator for towed vehicles on vehicles manufactured after February 200120,223
393.209EPower steering violations20,160
393.55C1-BAir Brake - Truck-tractor manufactured on or after March 1, 1997, not equipped with an ABS system. System does not function or indicates a fault.19,478
393.11A1-LILLighting - Identification lamp(s) missing18,003
393.43No/improper breakaway or emergency braking17,631
393.75G-TAOWTires - All others, weight carried exceeds tire load limit17,550
393.11A1-LCHLLighting - Lamps improper color, height, location.17,406
393.55C2CMV other than truck-tractor manufactured on or after March 1, 1998 not equipped with an antilock brake system17,069
393.75G-LOADWeight carried exceeds tire load limit16,043
393.30-BBattery - Not protected15,878
393.203CHood not securely fastened15,594
393.81-HHorn - Inoperative or defective15,346
393.55D1CMV not equipped with ABS malfunction circuit or signal (Truck-Tractor mfg on/after 3/1/1997; Straight Truck mfg on/after 3/1/1998)14,311
393.201A-FRCLSFrame - Cracked/loose/sagging/broken frame or chassis14,208
393.201AFrame cracked / loose / sagging / broken13,716
393.11LRNo Lower rear retroreflective sheeting or reflex reflective materials as required for vehicles manufactured after December 199313,462
393.41-BNPBBrake - Inoperative or missing parking brake on power unit13,460
393.203C-CBPCab and Body Parts - Hood not securely fastened12,857

Part 392: Driving of commercial vehicles

CodeViolationTimes recorded
392.2RGState vehicle registration or License Plate violation264,642
392.2-SLLSRState/Local Laws - State registration/tag violation258,421
392.2-SLLS2State/Local Laws - Speeding 6-10 miles per hour over the speed limit149,754
392.2-SLLEWA1State/Local Laws - Excessive weight - 1-2500 lbs over on an axle/axle groups131,331
392.2WExcessive Weight violation129,638
392.2-SLLTCDState/Local Laws - Failed to obey a traffic control device - Permanent or Temporary - e.g., safety official, signal, sign, light, lane marking, other119,498
392.2-SLLState/Local Laws -116,400
392.2Violation of Local Laws - Explain100,209
392.2-SLLEQPState/Local Laws - Violation of state and local law - Equipment violation.94,130
392.2-SLLLRState/Local Laws - Lane restriction violation85,538
392.2-SLLS3State/Local Laws - Speeding 11-14 miles per hour over the speed limit81,903
392.2-SLLIFTAState/Local Laws - State tax/International Fuel Tax (IFTA) violation78,658
392.2-SLLIRPState/Local Laws - IRP apportioned tag or registration violation74,828
392.2-SLLEWA2State/Local Laws - Excessive weight - 2501-5000 lbs over on an axle/axle groups67,993
392.16-DDriver - Failed to use seat belt while operating a CMV66,910
392.2CFailure to obey traffic control device61,595
392.2-SLLS4State/Local Laws - Speeding 15 or more miles per hour over the speed limit58,177
392.2-SLLTLState/Local Laws - Misc. traffic law violation54,699
392.2-SLLS1State/Local Laws - Speeding 1-5 miles per hour over the speed limit54,487
392.2-SLLEDState/Local Laws - Excessive dimension (width/height/length)51,540
392.2-SLLEWA3State/Local Laws - Excessive weight - More than 5000 lbs over on an axle/axle groups49,550
392.16Failing to use seat belt while operating a CMV49,016
392.2-SLLUCRState/Local Laws - Failure to pay UCR fee47,397
392.2FTState or International Fuel Tax (IFTA) Violation38,059
392.2-SLLEWG3State/Local Laws - Excessive weight - More than 5000 lbs over on allowable gross weight37,626
392.2-SLLMFState/Local Laws - Wheel (mud) flaps missing or defective36,602
392.2-SLLSIVState/Local Laws - State insurance violation35,037
392.2LVLane Restriction violation34,907
392.2-SLLEWG1State/Local Laws - Excessive weight - 1-2500 lbs over on allowable gross weight32,648
392.9A2-CCargo - Vehicle components or dunnage not secured30,656
392.2-SLLSOAState/Local Laws - State operating authority violation30,068
392.2MIMiscellaneous Traffic Law Violation27,336
392.2WCWheel (Mud) Flaps missing or defective25,861
392.2IRPIRP Apportioned Tag or Registration Violation25,189
392.2DIMDimension Violation (Width / Height / Length)21,883
392.2WGState/Local Laws - Excessive Weight Violations21,491
392.2-SLLSWZState/Local Laws - Speeding work/construction zone21,365
392.82DUMTDriver - Using a hand-held mobile telephone20,038
392.2-SLLDLState/Local Laws - Misc. driver's license violation19,061
392.2-SLLEWG2State/Local Laws - Excessive weight - 2501-5000 lbs over on allowable gross weight19,052
392.2AUState Operating Authority violation18,658
392.2-SLLMLState/Local Laws - Failure to maintain lane17,593
392.2UCRFailure to pay UCR Fee16,848
392.2-SLLCPState/Local Laws - Operate a CMV while using a cellular phone16,700
392.2INState Insurance Violation15,638
392.9AA1Operating Authority - Motor carrier operating a motor vehicle without the required operating authority.14,512
392.82A1Using a hand-held mobile telephone while operating a CMV14,013
392.2-INATDriver- Inattentive or Distracted Driving13,688
392.8-DDriver - Failed to inspect /use emergency equipment13,288
392.16ADDriver - Failed to use seat belt while operating a CMV.12,896

Part 395: Hours of service

CodeViolationTimes recorded
395.24HOS (ELD) - ELD Form and Manner124,442
395.8E-HOSPDHOS (Property) - No driver may make a false report in connection with a duty status. Explain112,015
395.30B1-ELDDFRHOS (ELD) - Driver failing to review records and certify the accuracy of the information.98,748
395.8A1-HOSPHOS (Property) - Failing to have a record of duty status using the method prescribed70,311
395.8AHOS (Form) - Paper Log/Logging Programs Form and Manner67,710
395.8EFalse report of drivers record of duty status49,263
395.30B2-ELDDFC24HOS (ELD) - Driver failing to certify the record immediately after the final required entry has been made or corrected for the 24 hour period.29,220
395.3A2-HOSPDHOS (Property) - Driving beyond the 14 hour after coming on duty following 10 consecutive hours off duty during the current 8 consecutive day period. Date and Tim28,922
395.8E-HOSPDOOSHOS (Property) - Driver produces a false record of duty status that concealed an HOS limitation violation after the last rest period. Explain:28,398
395.22H4-ELDBRODSHOS (ELD) - In-Vehicle Information - Failing to have a supply of blank driver's records of duty status graph-grids sufficient to record the driver's duty status a27,994
395.3A1-HOSPDHOS (Property) - Driving more than 11 hours following 10 consecutive hours off duty during the current 8 consecutive day period. Date and Time27,236
395.22G-ELDMFVHOS (ELD) - A portable ELD is not mounted in a fixed position and visible to the driver when seated in the normal driving position.26,856
395.24C2IIIDriver failed to manually add shipping document number26,277
395.8A-ELDELD - No record of duty status (ELD Required)25,668
395.30B1Driver failed to certify the accuracy of the information gathered by the ELD24,341
395.8E1PCHOS - False record of duty status driver improper use of Personal Conveyance - Not OOS22,587
395.8Record of Duty Status violation (general/form and manner)22,157
395.8F01Drivers record of duty status not current21,182
395.24DELD cannot transfer ELD records electronically18,686
395.3A3IIDriving beyond 8 hour driving limit since the end of the last on duty, off duty, or sleeper period of at least 30 minutes18,378
395.32B-ELDDFRHOS (ELD) - Driver failed to review any unassigned driving time when prompted by the ELD16,457
395.22H4Driver failed to maintain supply of blank drivers records of duty status graph-grids15,590
395.24D-ELDPTHOS (ELD) - On request by an authorized safety official, a driver must produce and transfer from an ELD the driver's hours of service records in accordance with t14,433
395.22GPortable ELD not mounted in a fixed position and visible to driver13,990

Part 396: Inspection, repair and maintenance

CodeViolationTimes recorded
396.17C-PIOperating a CMV without documentation of a periodic inspection297,183
396.17COperating a CMV without proof of a periodic inspection203,260
396.3A1Inspection, repair and maintenance of parts and accessories107,591
396.5B-LLubrication - Oil or grease leak97,298
396.5BOil and/or grease leak91,337
396.3A1-BOSBrake - Defective brake(s) are equal to or greater than 20% of the service brakes on the vehicle/combination85,216
396.3A1BOSBRAKES OUT OF SERVICE: The number of defective brakes is equal to or greater than 20 percent of the service brakes on the vehicle or combination65,432
396.3A1-BALACBrake - Audible air leak from a brake chamber48,334
396.3A1BBrakes (general) Explain:47,573
396.9D2-FTFFailing to correct the violation(s)/defect(s) noted on the roadside inspection report37,616
396.3A1-ALBVAir Brake - Any leak from a brake valve34,430
396.5B-HWSLHubs - Wheel seal leaking28,538
396.3A1BLBrake system pressure loss20,199
396.5B-HWSLIWHubs - Wheel seal leaking - inner wheel19,325
396.9D2Failure to correct defects noted on previous inspection report15,545
396.3A1-BALRAir Brake - Fails air loss rate test14,940

Part 390: General requirements

CodeViolationTimes recorded
390.21TB2-DOTOperate a CMV without USDOT number displayed. Must be preceded by the letters USDOT103,303
390.21TB1-MCOperating a CMV without legal name or trade name displayed81,989
390.21TBCarrier name and/or USDOT Number not displayed as required51,506
390.21ANot marked in accordance with regulations27,153
390.19B2-BIENNIALMotor Carrier failed to file biennial FMCSA registration update as required27,123
390.21TC-MCRequired CMV marking(s) not legible from 50 feet while stationary due to improper size/location/color13,883
390.21TACMV not marked in accordance with regulations12,824

Part 391: Driver qualification

CodeViolationTimes recorded
391.41APCMedical (Certificate) - Operating a property-carrying vehicle without a valid medical certificate in possession or on file with the state drivers licensing agency69,200
391.11B2-ZBorder Zone - Driver cannot satisfy the English language proficiency requirements of 391.11(b)(2) in accordance with the current corresponding FMCSA enforcement61,205
391.41A-MCPCMedical (Certificate) - Operating a commercial motor vehicle without showing proof of a valid medical certification upon request, but presents proof prior to com41,785
391.11B2-QDriver cannot satisfy the English language proficiency requirements of 391.11(b)(2) in accordance with the current corresponding FMCSA enforcement guidance (391.32,456
391.41AOperating a property-carrying vehicle without a valid medical certificate in possession or on file with the state drivers licensing agency. History of either fail32,301
391.41A1-NPHOperating a property-carrying vehicle without possessing a valid medical certificate - no previous history22,234

Part 383: Commercial driver licence

CodeViolationTimes recorded
383.23A2-LCDLNLicense (CDL) - Operate a CMV and does not possess a valid CDL64,556
383.23A2Operating a CMV without a CDL54,613

From the FMCSA Inspections and Violations file. 2,372 distinct codes exist; these are the 200 most frequently recorded.